People of the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individuals of the center east - Essay Example The primary word that was uncovered to Mohammad (P.B.U.H) in the Koran was â€Å"IQRA† which intends to peruse, discuss and look for information. The Koran rehashes a few words so as to install key ideas in the brain of the audience members. The word Elm (Knowledge) has been utilized multiple times which has the third situation after the words ‘Allah’ and ‘Rab’. So Allah underlined the significance of training and information in the main expression of his disclosure and even all through the Koran. Islam is a valuable present for the Muslims to achieve salvation and accomplishment in this world. For this they have to follow the Koran and look for information from it. Instruction is an extreme model in perceiving a genuine Muslim and each evident Muslim need to look for and spread information as educated by prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H). The accompanying hadith (Sayings of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H)) exhibits the significance of instruction in Islam. Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) said that in the event that anybody goes out and about with the aim of looking for information, at that point Allah will make him travel on the streets of Paradise. The occupants of sky, earth and the fish living in the profound water will request absolution for the educated man. The prevalence of the educated man over a dedicated resembles of a moon, over an entire night, on different stars in the sky. The scholarly individuals are the beneficiaries of prophet who don't leave dirham (cash or money of Arabia) yet just leave information and whoever takes it take in liberal sums. History shows that Muslims have rose to the apex of progress and it was on the grounds that they clung to the Islamic law and the lessons of the Holy Koran. The Islamic Empire was at one time the most exceptional and cultivated country of the world. Muslims were liable for setting the major ideas of various fields. The educating of the Koran drove them to achievements in different controls of science. Before the finish of the tenth century

The Mind and Its Functions Free Essays

Brain research examines the brain and its capacities, and science contemplates living beings and their physiology, psychobiology utilizes organic establishments to attempt to clarify mental phenomena’s. This is fundamentally science in the part of the organic bases of conduct and mental encounters. This is in some cases otherwise called natural brain research since it manages the organic associations, for example, hormones, synapses, cells and the social parts of our condition (Where psyche meets matter, n. We will compose a custom paper test on The Mind and Its Functions or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now d.). Psychobiologists study the physiological and developmental components that impact human conduct as an approach to comprehend why the mind works the manner in which it does. A psychobiologist has the conviction that science assumes the significant job in the activities and practices of people. A portion of the exploration psychobiology centers around is certain feelings, limit of self-guideline, social capability, and bonds made with parental figures (Feder, Nestler, ; Charney, 2009). There is some psychobiology that centers around the effect of our hereditary qualities and condition on one’s own self, and how that can affect our psychological state too. Natural brain research is the expansive diagram of the sub orders of Comparative Psychology. A portion of these comparable/different names for Psychobiology would be social neuroscience, and biopsychology. The contrasts between a portion of the distinctive sub disciplines incorporate; physiological angles, hereditary qualities, and formative components of conduct. These all examination the energizers, and to such an extent that impacts conduct in people and creatures and searches for the connections for why certain individuals carry on the manner in which they do when given a specific boost. Since certain individuals respond diversely and at unexpected degrees in comparison to other people, it can fill in as an estimation to help measure where they are at energizer savvy. The absolute soonest history of this originates from rationalists who accepted that the cerebrum and brain were two separate elements, other known as dualism. Dualism is where the psyche and mind are made of various segments and materials. Where the psyche is an autonomous material separate of any physical materials, the cerebrum is physical a physical issue. In any case, it wasn’t until the nineteenth century, when researchers began contemplating the cerebrum and its segments, that researchers started to contend that the psyche and mind were something very similar. This is known as monism since they saw that the psyche, and cerebrum were one element and that they couldn't be concentrated independently. There are many therapists who were in the quest for conduct and its natural establishments. A portion of these individuals who were keen on looking for this were Weber, Pavlov, and Freud. (Hergenhahn, ; Henley, pg. 567) Weber’s Law was initially done to portray the exploration on weight lifting by Ernst Weber who was a physiologist. It was later at that point applied to â€Å"measurement of sensation† by his understudy, Gustav Fechner, who in the end built up the law of science and psychophysics (Weber’s Law, n.d.). The explanation that the connection between the otherworldly world and the physical universes to Fechner, demonstrated that the profound world was the main world. Be that as it may, to other people, they deciphered this as a chance of a logical quantitative brain research. Pavlov’s commitment to psychobiology would be his exploration in creature physiology, which prompted a comprehension in conduct and molding reactions (Burgemeester, 2016). Freud’s effect on psychobiology would be his hypothesis of the human brain and human conduct. He additionally built up a clinical strategy that is made for helping individuals who are despondent (The man who upset, n.d.).Another individual who contributed a great deal to material science, physiology, and brain research would be Hermann Helmholtz. Helmholtz was a poor youngster who battled with human expressions in school, however read science books and rehearsed geometry in his spare time. In spite of the fact that his family couldn't bear to send him to school, the administration had a program for â€Å"gifted† youngsters to go to prescription school for nothing in the event that they consented to join up with the military as specialists for a long time. In spite of the fact that Helmholtz concurred with his educator Muller, they had numerous contradictions. They differ over Muller’s faith in vitalism, which in science and physiology, the vitalism-realism issue was like psychologies’ mind-body issue. Vitalism is the view that life and its encounters can't be clarified by physical and synthetic procedures alone. Helmholtz sided in favor of realists who accepted that no different powers, for example, the physical and concoction ones, are dynamic inside a living being. Essentially by implying that everything happens on account of the physical perspective, and not the mental. By accepting and supporting the unthinking materialistic way of thinking that people had both physical and nonphysical angles to them, they affected physiology, medication, and brain research. By having the comprehend that psyche, mind, and body are on the whole discrete however yet interlaced, it can help with understanding why certain communications or prescriptions probably won't function admirably with specific individuals in light of the fact that the manner in which their body responds to specific energizers might be a lot for them to deal with. However, that could likewise work for someone else who might not have such a high reaction to an energizer whether it be ecological, mental, or therapeutic stimulant.Phrenology is the examination that the shape and size of the noggin should be a pointer of one’s character and mental capacities. Franz Gall acknowledged the conviction that there are resources of the psyche that follow up on and change tangible data. He thought of three extra things to add on to phrenology; that intellectual capacities don't exist to a similar degree in all people, the resources are houses in explicit regions of the cerebrum, and that if ones personnel is all around created, an individual would have a knock that relates to that locale of the mind. Yet, on the off chance that the staff is immature, an empty or discouragement like part would be on the comparing locale of the skull. (Hergenhahn, Henley, pg. 230) Phrenology got mainstream in the part of training where the conviction turned into that as would a customary physical muscle, a cerebrum would get more grounded with training by animating those resources of the mind. This would be called formal control and the conviction instructive encounters can mastermind to reinforce the particular offices of the cerebrum identified with that subject. This empowered further research in that the cerebrum and psyche are connected and various areas of the mind hold various episodes of data. (Hergenhahn, Henley, pg. 232) Another enormous part of psychobiology would be exploratory brain research; which is seeing what is genuinely present, and what is mentally experienced. (Hergenhahn, Henley, pg. 237) In spite of the fact that there was never question about the presence or nearness of a cognizant, it involved how we would quantify it in a logical angle. It was accepted that cognizant sensations were activated by cerebrum reactions, yet then were initially started by sense observations. Psychophysics is the investigation of the connection among physical and mental occasions that happen. Weber’s Law guarantees that the quantity of a physical boost, that must happen in light of the fact that a change has happened and brings about the difference in mindfulness or sensations. Through a different arrangement of computations, Fechner went to his most known recipe, which he accepted indicated the collaboration/connection between the physical and the psychological state. S= k log RThis equation fundamentally expresses that for sensations to rise numerically, the size of the physical boost must ascent geometrically. On the off chance that the change is identified it implies that as the improvement develops so does the extent and it continues developing and developing a short time later (Hergenhahn, ; Henley, pg. 241) Psychobiology has a great deal of elements and subsections that investigation into it. In addition to the fact that it is imperative to inquire about both the mental side and the organic side, it is critical to know why and how these things interrelate. By facilitating research in these fields we can make progress to better seeing how our hereditary qualities, just as our condition sway our psychological and physical prosperity and how we may respond to specific energizers mentally and organically. The most effective method to refer to The Mind and Its Functions, Papers

Cadmium :: essays research papers fc

Cadmium, image, Cd, is a shimmering white metallic compound component with a black out blue tinge to it. It is the fifty-seventh most normally discovered component in the earth. It was found by F. Stromeyer, in 1817, in Germany. Stromeyer was contemplating an example of zinc carbonate which isolated into a the new component at last called cadmium. The main cadmium materials, greenockite (cadmium sulfide) and otavile (cadmium carbonate) are found in zinc oxide and zinc carbonate. Cadmium, which is ordinarily related with zinc has a few contrasts; some of which are that cadmium is gentler and has a lower softening and breaking point than zinc. There are five fundamental conditions of cadmium. To start with, there is the normal crude metal cadmium. At that point there is cadmium oxide which is shaped by consuming the crude metal noticeable all around delivering earthy colored smoke. Cadmium oxide can likewise be framed by warming cadmium carbonate in corrosive or on the other hand alkali creating an earthy colored powder. By doing this, cadmium and oxygen are being blended. Cadmium carbonate is made by engrossing carbon dioxide into the crude metal or blending cadmium salts with ammonium carbonate, framing a salt-like substance. Cadmium sulfide is made by blending hydrogen sulfide with an answer of cadmium particles, bringing about a scope of hues from lemon yellow to a dark red. Cadmium halides are mixes with complex cadmium particles in them to shape fluctuated structure arrangements. The customary structure of a cadmium particle is that it has four electron shells with an aggregate of 48 electrons in it. The principle use for cadmium is to plate iron, steel and different metals, shielding them from consumption. This strategy has been utilized since 1919. The utilization of cadmium needs to be constrained on the grounds that it radiates huge quantities of poisons into the earth. The utilization of cadmium has slowly diminished so as to help the condition. It isn't utilized to plate nourishment handling parts or stoves along these lines. Cadmium might be found in certain grains, nuts and vegetables, yet researchers question that, whenever taken is little amounts, it would demonstrate hurtful. Cadmium is additionally utilized for nickel-cadmium batteries and atomic control poles. It is utilized in mixes, for model, with copper to solidify them. Since the shade of cadmium sulfide differs it is valuable for

What Ways Did Pastoral Societies Differ From Their...

1) In what ways did pastoral societies differ from their agricultural counterparts? Pastoral societies differed from their agricultural because pastoral societies supported less people, since they had generally less productive economies, and the lived in scattered areas. They also generally offered women higher status, fewer restrictions, and a greater role in public life because they were needed, since people did not tend to specialize in things. Pastoral societies were also far more mobile, whereas in agricultural societies, people would have large populations because of their environment and their ability to grow food. They also lived in one area, and had had people who specialized in different things which brought down the status of women. 2) In what ways did pastoral societies interact with their agricultural neighbor’s? Pastoral socities interacted with their agricultural neighbor’s economically, because nomads needed access to the food, and other luxury items that they could only get from their agricultural neighbor’s. They also interacted politically and militarily, because pastoral people come together sometimes, to trade, or raid aagrcicultural societies. Pastoral societies also interacted culturally with their agricultural neighbor’s. Members of some pastoral socities were known to have adopted religions of their agricultural neighbors, such as Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and even Manichaeism, which included different elements of Zoroastrianism,Show MoreRelatedChapter 13 Margin Review Questions2220 Words   |  9 PagesIs there value in asking this kind of â€Å"what if† or counterfactual question? Or is it an irrelevant waste of time? 2. How does this chapter distinguish among the various kinds of societies that comprised the world of the fifteenth century? Are there other ways of categorizing the worlds peoples that might work as well or better? 3. What would surprise a knowledgeable observer from 500 C.E., were he or she to make a global tour in the fifteenth century? What features of that earlier world mightRead MoreMoney and Its Functions in Modern Economy8915 Words   |  36 Pagesrole of money. 22 Conclusion. 25 The list of references. 26 Introduction Money is one of the greatest inventions of a human thought. Perhaps, the whole structure of today’s economy is predetermined by the existence of money. But when did money occur and what was the reason for its occurrence? Money is a public institution, which increases wealth buy reducing the cost of exchange and contributing to greater specialization in occupation o, according to ones comparative advantage. Money appearedRead MoreTrade Unions in Malawi13087 Words   |  53 PagesTRADE UNIONS FREDRICK BANDA INTRODUCTION This chapter examines democracy from another angle that is the way democracy is rooted in the collective action of citizens outside of the formal institutions of democratic government. The trade union movement in Malawi dates as far back as the end of the Second World War. It has undergone a process of growth, decline and growth again over the past seven decades or so. To understand how trade unionism has developed in any country, we need to considerRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

Essay on Jacob Zuma - 1602 Words

Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma wasborn on April 12, 1942. He is today the President of South Africa – elected by the majority ANC in Parliament after 2009 general election. He is also the President of the African National Congress, which is the governing political party. He served as Deputy President to Thabo Mbeki from 1999-2005. He is also recognized by his initials, JZ, and clan name Msholozi. He became President of ANC on 18 December 2007 when he defeated incumbent Thabo Mbeki. Zuma was a member of South African Communist party and even served on Politburo – the executive decision-making body, in the 1960s. He was charged with rape in 2005 and acquitted. He fought several legal battles for racketeering and corruption charges by the NPA†¦show more content†¦Zuma joined the South African Communist Party in 1963. That same year, he was arrested along with 45 other recruits near Zeerust, in western Transvaal, currently part of Northwest Province. He was convicted o f conspiring to overthrow the minority white apartheid government. He was then sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, which he spent in Robben Island with Nelson Mandela and other notable ANC leaders who were also in prison at the time. Zuma served as a referee for prisoners’ association football games in prison. After his release, Zuma was instrumental in the re-establishment of ANC underground structures in the Natal province. He first left SA in 1975, to meet Thabo Mbeki in Swaziland, and then proceeded to Mozambique where he dealt with thousands of exiles after the wake of the Soweto Uprising. Zuma stayed abroad on exile himself. The Soweto uprisings or riots were a series of clashes in Soweto, South Africa on June 16, 1976, between black youths and South African authorities that led to the deaths of 23 people on the first day. The protests continued until the end of the year, by which time over 500 were killed, mostly black and young. Theprotests that led to the riots grew over policies of the National Party and its apartheid government. In 1997, Zuma became a member of the ANC National Executive Committee. He also served as the Deputy Chief Representative of the ANC in Mozambique – a position he held until the signing of the Nkomati Accord between theShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economic and Political Implications of the South African 2014 General Elections1164 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Jacob Zuma in February 2014, the president stated that the country has intervened in the mining sector because of its importance as a key job driver (Zuma, 2014). The president also stated that mining is South Africa’s biggest earner of foreign exchange (Zuma, 2014). Mining also has an importance as a supplier of inputs to our economy and the economies of other countries around the globe (Zuma, 2014). 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“How can we understand the world in which we find...

â€Å"How can we understand the world in which we find ourselves?† In The Grand Design, a 2010 book written by theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow, two authors claim that they have found a philosophical approach – Model Dependent Realism (MDR) – as the solution to this fundamental question of philosophy. Combining the ideas raised from methodology of mathematics and Physics, MDR leads a possible path to reconcile the uncertain nature of modern science and the idealistic pursuit of absolute truth – perhaps the theory of everything (TOE). According to Hawking and Leonard, Model Dependent Realism â€Å"is based on the idea that our brains interpret the input from our sensory organs by making a model of the world. When such a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"According to the traditional conception of the universe, objects move on well-defined paths and have definite histories,† Hawking writes, â€Å"We can specify their preci se position at each moment in time.† The advent of modern physics, however, suggests that although such model explains everyday observations, it fails to account for the behaviors of particles in a subatomic level. One of the most famous is the Observer’s Effect, according to which one can never determine a photon’s path and detect its existence at the same time, because while detecting its existence one has to collide it with another particle and thus making it go to a certain direction. Therefore, when not detected, a light beam behaves like a wave that goes to numerous possible paths simultaneously – the light is at the same time going through path A and non-path A. As the pluralistic view of MDR generates a freedom in explaining the reality, it also makes it difficult for one to decide which model to choose. If several models of a set of events are offered, one may ask, then what makes a more preferable model? According to Hawking, there are three keys for a good model: 1. Occam ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Razor 2. Comprehensiveness 3. Preciseness and specificity Occam’s Razor means refers to simplicity when applied to qualitative principles. For instance, as one looks at a pen, close his eyes, opens it again, and he sees the pen again, Occam’s Razor makes it moreShow MoreRelatedBiblical And Theological Basis Of A Transformational Leadership Certification5231 Words   |  21 Pageseffectiveness regardless of the risk of resistance to change. Jesus taught this concept, when he said, Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting. 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Analyse how adults and children can challenge bias and discrimination issues Explore ways of respecting equality and diversity requirements in relation to identity to include, language, gender, social class, disability, age, religion, dietary considerations, ethnic groups, Traveller community, marital status and sexual orientation. Design a mission statement for the ECCE setting with respect to equality and diversity. Discuss

Christology in Hebrews free essay sample

The author of Hebrews contributes several unique portraits of Jesus Christ some of which are not found in any of the other epistles in the New Testament. The two main portraits that are presented in Hebrews is Jesus Christ as the High Priest and his Sonship in relation to God. This is then supported by a number of smaller portraits pertaining to his character, priestly functions and his soteriological role in relation to the new covenant. His thesis is well thought out and presented in the manner of a theologian. 1 One will notice that the author displays a strong Jewish background as he employs his keen understanding of the Old Testament right throughout his thesis. He does this by using metaphors and highly symbolic themes that hark back to time itself founded on God’s promises in the Old Testament. The author compares and contrasts continually between the types, anti types and shadows of the messiah as represented in the Mosaic covenant Heb 7:1 – 10:18. We will write a custom essay sample on Christology in Hebrews or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Including the roles pertaining to the tabernacle and Levitical priesthood compared to that of the perfect heavenly expression which according to the author finds its full realisation in the Royal High Priesthood of Jesus Christ. Some scholars like James D. G. Dunn perceive this to be a signature of ‘. . . Platonic Dualism . . . ’. 2 However, this argument seems to me to have some problems, since we find symbolism right throughout the bible and is clearly demonstrated in Gen 1:14b. According to F. E. Gaebelein ‘Symbolism is as old as humanity’. 3 In addition Donald Macleod states that ‘ . . According to the author we find the prototype in Melchizedek who was made ‘. . . like the Son of God . . . ’ in Heb 7:3b. Notice the order: Jesus was not made after the order of Melchizedek, but the other way around. Unfortunately, this essay is too short to highlight all the various aspects; hence, only the main criteria required for one to become a High Priest will be considered. The first qualification for becoming a High Priest is to be fully human and not just pretending to be human. This could be one of the many and varied reasons as to why the author utilised ‘adoptionist terms’ According to the author, Jesus demonstrated his humanity in its fullest form by emphasising his; suffering in Heb 2:10; 2:18; consisting of flesh and blood and experiencing death Heb 2:14; made like his brethren Heb 2:12; 2:17; displaying emotions Heb 5:7; exhibiting compassion Heb 4:15a; and experienced temptation like all people Heb 4:15b The second qualification was to be of the tribe of Levi according to the old covenant, but Jesus belonged to the Tribe of Judah Heb 7:14. In addition, one can only be appointed by God which is why the author draws the recipient’s attention to Heb 5:1-10 including verses 5b and 6. The author stresses that Jesus was called by God Himself to be a High Priest and as such Jesus Christ is ultimate fulfilment in him. 12. Harvill, Focus on Jesus pp. 336-347 The last requirement of a High Priest is to offer sacrifices on behalf of the people unto God as atonement, but the old system was insufficient and not God’s final revelation but was just a shadow as pointed out by the author in Heb 7:11, 27; 8:7-9; 9:6-23. But Jesus according the author is both God and fully human being without spot or wrinkle offered a perfect sacrifice by dying on the cross 9:14-28. Some of the supporting titles that the author uses to point out the efficacy of the Royal High Priesthood of Jesus Christ include; Mediator Heb 8:6; 9:15; 24; 12:24. God’s Shepherd applying Old Testament prophesies from Ezek 34:22-24, in Heb 13:20, Author and Captain of our Salvation Heb 2:10; Apostle of our Confession Heb 1:3; Forerunner Heb 6:20; Heir of All Things Heb:1:2; Source of Eternal Salvation Heb; 5:9; Guarantor of the New Covenant Heb 7:22; Jesus as the Christ For the author there is no doubt as to whom Jesus Christ was for him; He is the long awaited Messiah but not from the perspective of the general populace. They were awaiting a kingly Messiah, one of power and might who would rid the land of the oppressors restoring the throne re-establishing the Kingdom of David. 13 However, there is not just one stream of Messianic prophesies but two. The other stream forecasts the coming of a suffering Messiah.

Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Essay Example

Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Paper Water pollution is caused by emission of domestic or urban sewage, agricultural waste, pollutants and industrial effluents into water bodies. Nowadays, its main source is the waste material discharged by industrial units. Waste materials like acids, alkaline, toxic metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides and even radioactive materials are poured into the water bodies by many industrial units. Some other important pollutants include polycarbonate phenyl (PC) compounds, lubricants and hot water discharged by power plants. The pollutants unloaded into the water bodies usually dissolve or remain suspended in water. Sometimes, they also accumulate on the bottom Of the water bodies. Another important pollutant, that can endanger marine life, is the oil spilled by oil tanks. As per the estimates of the United Nations, 1. 3 million barrels of oils are spilled annually into the Persian Gulf, and about 285 million gallons are spilled into the oceans every year. In the United States, the industries contribute to more than half of the total water pollution. The industrial effluents contain pollutants like asbestos, phosphates, mercury, lead, nitrates, sulfur, sulfuric acid, oil and many other poisonous materials. In many countries, industrial water is not treated adequately before discharging it into rivers or lakes. This is particularly true in the case of small-scale industries that do not have sufficient capital to invest in pollution control equipment. In many instances, the researches and studies carried out to determine the toxicity of these pollutants are focused on the individual effect of the toxic elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, sometimes these researches lead to an underestimation of the total toxicity of these harmful materials. Besides, their toxicity is assessed with the help of tests carried out on bacteria, which also fails to take into account the accurate toxic effects on other organisms. These harmful pollutants are a major contributor to many grave diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery and salmonella. Besides, many of the pollutants are also carcinogenic I. E. They can cause cancer. Some pollutants like sodium can cause cardiovascular diseases, while mercury and lead cause nervous disorders. EDT is another toxic material which can cause hormonal changes. Excess fluoride in water may damage the spinal cord, while arsenic can cause significant damage to the liver and the nervous system. In addition to all these, organic compounds present in the polluted water facilitate the growth of algae and other weeds, which in turn use more oxygen dissolved in the water. This reduces the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water and the consequent shortage of oxygen for other aquatic life. In recent times, to control the menace Of water pollution, various legislations have been introduced by different countries. The legislations undertaken by he United States include Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1 972), the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (1972) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974). Besides, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Redirection Act was also amended in 1988. For the success of these legislations, cooperation of the citizens and industrial units is an important prerequisite. In addition to the enforcement and proper use of these rules and regulations, availability of efficient and cheaper pollution control techniques is also required to tackle the threat posed by water pollution.

How does Willy Russell explore the theme of conformity in Terraces Essays

How does Willy Russell explore the theme of conformity in Terraces Essays How does Willy Russell explore the theme of conformity in Terraces Essay How does Willy Russell explore the theme of conformity in Terraces Essay Essay Topic: Literature The title Terraces implies two of the most important themes in the play. They are the football terraces houses. Football terraces are a group of houses joined together side-to-side, they were built in the industrial revolution. In this community everyone knows each other business, it is very much like a soap opera. The neighbours get together and have a drink in their local pub; the pub is the centre of their community. In the opening scene we are in a pub and introduced to Eddy, Joey, John and Joyce. The men are acting to their sexual stereotype. The men are shouting loudly about the latest results of the football. They hack him down the language used to describe the game is typically exaggerated imagery is connected with violence. The second scene in which Danny is introduced contrasts with scene 1 because they are in a noisy pub. In this scene they are in a quiet family scene with a wife, husband and child. Its relaxed, there sitting still and not drinking alcohol. Danny (the husband) is immediately set apart, he is first shown reading a novel, which indicates that he is intelligent, sensitive and quiet. Danny is different and doesnt want to go to the pub but his wife encourages him to do so, he agrees and they go to the pub. All the other men are presented as members of a group. Whereas Danny is a loner, he described as considerate if you want to go out, well go out he responds to the needs of his wife Susan. Eddy is the leader of all the other men, john directs what he says towards him what I think Eddy. When they have something to say they speak to Eddy. The group regards Danny as the clever ideas man to solve their problems. John says surely you can think of something Danny inadvertently suggests the street painting projects not something you go out and paint the streets for Eddy and all the other men take the quote seriously and decide to paint all the houses and the street yellow. Willy Russell wants Eddy and the men to seem like a clan, their language, behaviour and interests achieve this. Firstly they speak in a dialect you dont need to do that. Secondly they all go to the pub and buy each other rounds of drinks a toast for the glorious lads in yellow, who toady created history. To the lads. Thirdly they swear a lot It was friggin offside Danny refuses to paint his house yellow because he does not think supporters should go so far the enjoyment is in watching the game Eddy cannot accept Dannys point of view because he believes in the team look at them, there all getting stuck in now Eddy sees football as the reason of his life, whereas Danny sees football as just a game. Eddy is a big bully and wont take his friends turning away from him if a feller doesnt want to join in with me, all right. Thats o. k. But if hes not willing to join me in all things, then hes not with me at all. Eddy will not accept rejection come on The pressure put upon Danny begins when his wife makes him go with her to the pub. Danny just wanted to read his book but his wife makes him go. Are we going there or not? Hes put under enormous pressure when hes offered a drink; the whiskey comes with strings attached. If he accepts the drink he will paint his house Danny says but I wont paint my house and Eddy replies with Well y wont drink with me either The third type of pressure put on Danny is persuasion, John comes to the house the next day he says Weve been a bit rash, Danny. They offer to paint his house for him. At this time Susan starts to put pressure on him. She suggests that he mad, not normal, she says, your warped! Did you know that? Warped, thats what you are. Theyre your friends. Fourthly Joey creeps inside the house to give him a final chance. Next the pressure takes a sinister turn; a threat is delivered through the letterbox of his house this is a warning! Paint or finds somewhere else to live! Danny responds by getting so angry, he hurls the paint across the street and down the drain. To make matters worse Susan threatens to leave the house until it has been painted Well hed better do something about it or hell be the only one living here. When his friends start painting his house. In scene sixteen the pressure reaches a climax, Susan leaves and says Ill come back Danny when its painted. Eddy and his friends tie Danny to a kitchen chair and start painting his house. Danny sits in the chair, slaughtered This means he is devastated by what his mates have done to his house. Finally the play ends with this dramatic climax. The audience know that he is broken. But Eddy is totally unaware of the affect of his behaviour. He says, dont forget your pint Danny lad. The theme of madness runs throughout the play. He is constantly called mad or warped through the play, this is very hard for him to keep his sanity.

Advanced Obstetrics for Paramedics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced Obstetrics for Paramedics - Essay Example In certain cases, the signs and symptoms typically occur in 6-8 weeks after the normal menstrual period, but ectopic pregnancy may occur later. In some of the cases, nausea along with breast discomfort, low blood pressure, weakness, dizziness and pale skin can be noticed amid the patient (Stà ¶ppler, 2013). Considering the fact that different sites of possible ectopic pregnancy implantation will influence patients’ presentation, it can be ascertained that the treatment of ectopic pregnancy requires implantation and actual removal of the affected parts of a body. In some of these cases, Fallopian tube requires either pharmacologic or surgical management. Pharmacologic management with the doses of methotrexate is necessary for effective treatment. Sometimes, the linear salpingostomy surgery is performed, if a patient desires to become pregnant in future. It is thus anticipated that proper treatment and effective nursing care will certainly help in providing effective and proper treatment to the patients under the circumstance of ectopic pregnancy (American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2014). It is worth mentioning that the notion of Perinatal morbidity and mortality includes stillbirth and the death of newborn babies within the first 28 days of the birth. According to the latest report of the Australian Bureau of Statistics published in the year 2012, 2,558 perinatal deaths were reported due to Perinatal morbidity and mortality (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Again, these 2,558 deaths constituted around 1,355 males and 1,203 females. It will be vital to mention in this similar concern that one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in varied regions of Australia is the haemorrhage from placenta percreta, which results in causing haemoperitoneum, a sign of perinatal morbidity and mortality (Government of South Australia, 2013). Thromboembolic is a disease, which occurs during

Gene Knockout Methodology and Insulin Action Essay

Gene Knockout Methodology and Insulin Action - Essay Example Gene knockout methodology is achieved using various techniques. The process commences with a plasmid in a test tube, a DNA structure or bacterial chromosome then progressing to cell culture. Genetic transformation of the individual cells takes place with the DNA structure or construct. In this process, the cells are introduced with the DNA and combined with a stem cell. The target gene and DNA construct are engineered to combine with each other. This is done by fusing the DNA construct with the gene sequences resulting in the recombination of the gene sequence. Consequently an interruption within the gene occurs and often will result into a non-functional protein. For most DNA constructs and cell, recombination occurs very rarely and therefore the substance selected for interrupting the gene sequence is a reporter gene. This gene is used to discover if the gene under consideration has functional expression in cell regeneration or function. Insulin plays an important role in metabolism, particularly in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Protein and mineral metabolism are also influenced by the action of Insulin. Inconsequence, the order and functioning of insulin has profound effects on tissues and organs (EDES 2007). The insulin receptor, similar to protein hormone receptors, is rooted within the plasma membrane. Two alpha subunits comprise the insulin receptor and also by two beta subunits which are connected by disulfide bonds. The alpha subunits are located outside the cells and hold insulin binding domains. The beta subunits on the other hand permeate the plasma membrane. As a tyrosine kinase, the insulin receptor acts as an enzyme that transmits phosphate groups from ATP to intracellular target proteins that contain tyrosine remnants. When the insulin binds to the alpha subunits, the beta subunits undergo autophosphorylation - which is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or small molecule - and initiate the receptor's catalytic process. The insulin receptor further adds phosphate groups to other proteins within cells, resulting in creating a biological reaction. Among the many intracellular proteins, there are several which are phosphorylation substrates for insulin receptors. One such insulin receptor substrate is insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). When the process of phosphorylation activates this substrate a number of outcomes occur. IRS-1 functions as a central region for enzyme activation and for producing the effects of insulin. Insulin also effects carbohydrate metabolism. In the small intestines, hydrolysis of dietary carbohydrates like sucrose and starch causes the release of glucose which passes into the blood stream. High concentrations of glucose trigger insulin release which acts on all cells to prepare for glucose storage. The metabolism of glucose as a result of insulin action depends on the target tissue. Another known effect of insulin is to lessen glucose concentration in blood and when this concentration falls, insulin secretion stops. When insulin is absent, most cells fail to uptake glucose and turn to using alternate sources of energy like fatty acids. Also glycogen synthesis ceases in the liver and there is an

Political And Economic Globalization Essay Example for Free

Political And Economic Globalization Essay Globalization in whichever form has received different view from different people all over the world. It has always portrayed two faces in any field in which it was applied. Generally, globalization has its roots in economic and political concerns. These two areas are key factors which touches the lives of people in any country, hence, globalization in either economic or politics will most if not always affect the ways of life in any given country. The consequences of economic and political globalizations are thus paramount in the induction of particular changes in the cultural ways of these communities. The economic and political globalization has an impact on culture while at the same time the cultures have enormous impacts on the globalization of both. This is because there is an intimate interrelationships and integration of the three human activities which builds the human life. Thus, from the historical view of the three things, they have gone hand in hand for complete human life existence. Globalization of politics and economic are two key factors which are affecting the culture of modern world bringing about cultural homogeneity rather than cultural diversity. In reality, this has made crowds of people to remain perplex on which ways is these economic and political globalizations is driving the culture. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also allowed the cultural diversity tpo surface as countries started to accept the globalized views and ways of life. The more global influences get in the culture, the more chance that the community acknowledges the uniqueness of its culture. First and foremost are that many people having experiences obstacles of understanding what is culture and the compositions of culture. Michael Amaladoss gave any efforts of defining culture. He said â€Å"culture is the way of a life of a people through which they humanize and socialize nature. † In his further elaboration, he mentioned that it implies the world-view, a value system and a network of social relationships. There are key areas in which during economics and political globalization, they are obviously affected. The effects are felt when many people changes their values system and the original products which were once used by their forefathers. This phenomenon is not rare in most parts of the world where many people have gone under the transition of economic and political globalization. There are numerous alarming cultural practices which the world’s leaders are now struggling to ban as result of this two globalizes factors. (Cowen, 2002) In some instances however, globalization becomes a driving force for people to realize how cultural affinities are being ignored. As people in different communities strive to adopt into the globalized world, they start to be more keen on its effects in the culture, thus the rise of groups concerned with protecting and/or preserving the cultural heritage. It has also served as the venue for countries to showcase the unique culture to the entire world. Globalization of economy and politics are not bring along with cultural diversity. Generally, each globalization processes are working ways out to have homogeneity of cultures. For instance, in terms of economic globalization in the sectors of agriculture sectors, the world’s organizations which deal with the problems of foods shortages do not address the problem from root cause of the shortages. Their models hardly emphasizes on the available establishment of these local food stuff in the particular countries. Instead, they widely and vast get involved in the use of imports to solve the problems of hungers. Through such means the cultural foods products of the native communities in these states are set into extinction as the local are encouraged to embark on sowing new types of crops. This portrays that there is expansion of the culture from one point of country to another through these aids creating a homogenous cultures. (Adam, 2002) But because of the uniqueness of the cultures of each country, cultural differences will most likely affect how a country reacts to a globalized world, or how a country respond to globalization. Globalization can sometimes tend to be too Westernized that countries from Asia or from other part of the world will find it hard to adopt, thus resulting to further cultural diversity rather than homogeneity. Their global information infrastructures which as come on the ways of technology and industrialization has made trade increases. In addition, to trade many countries have been subjects to comply with unnecessary economic condition. This has especially affected those developing countries where resources and job opportunities are limited. The unfavorable economic environments in those states have created a loophole for the exploitation of the people. The people are being forced by worse survival means to adapts the foreign culture so that they can attain their goals in life. As the adage goes â€Å"power and wealthy and there to conquers and dominates the weak†. (Cowen, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also helped developing countries. An example is for developing countries in Asia such as Philippines and India who have become an ideal venue for the support needs of the economies of the US and other countries in Europe. This has paved the way for the booming business processing outsourcing (BPO) industries in these countries due to globalization. The political globalizations are largely affecting the culture of these different communities of the world in the pretence of fighting for human rights. The politics from the westerns and Americans have spreads in all corners of the worlds in which the Americans are fighting to have democratic political area. Political globalists has intervened in issues of marriages and other matters which touches family affairs. Argument such as homosexuals and other related family matters have been widely politicized debates which have been accelerated by political globalization. The consequences of this embarked in the developments countries which are majority pro- globalisms. The final result is that, the continued interaction of the people in the economic dispersions in the trades industries wits such peoples has enables the spreading of the vices to thousands of countries in other continents. Gayism and lesbians are two vices which did not exist in African continents in date of the previous two centuries back. The perpetual globalization on economic and politics has spread this scourge disease to the continent in the last four to five decades. This vividly demonstrates, that the cultures which had rooted values in the continent has been absorbed creating some support of homogeneous culture rather than cultural diversity. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) In the same way, the share of culture had also positive effect on other communities. People become more informed of how things are done in the other parts of the world, and thus they are able to establish benchmarks. These will then become a basis of the right way of doing things by using these as models on how to successfully deal with political and economic concerns. Reference: Adam, D. (2002): Community, Culture and Globalization: Rockefeller Foundation Cowen, T. (2002): How Globalization is changing the Worlds Culture: Princeton University Press. Greenaway, D. (2005): Adjusting to globalization: University of Nottingham Mudimbe-boyi, E. (2002): Histories, Identities, Cultures, and the Challenge of Globalization: University of New York Press

The Effectiveness Of The Opening To Hamlet Essay example -- essays res

Hamlet is launched extremely well because there is no long drawn out introduction to the plot. The story begins almost immediately with a brief yet concise 5-scene Act entailing the state of affairs within the Court of Denmark. Each scene contributes to the overall exposition significantly and Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the audience, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play. In Act 1 – Scene 1, the audience is instantly shocked into interest by the exchange of short, sharp speeches between the very nervous sentries of the castle. What follows is the audience’s discovery of the frequenting appearance of a Ghost and the sentries’ plans to have Horatio, a scholar, attempt to communicate with it. The setting for this scene is atop a castle, resting upon cliffs high above the ocean. It is midnight, creating a more sinister atmosphere, apt for following story and the medieval time period to which it is set. When the ghost finally appears to Horatio and the others, the audience discovers through their inferences that the ghost has a strong likeness to the late King Hamlet of Denmark. The conversation that follows gives the audience a brief understanding of the current situation in Denmark, involving the details of preparations for war and revelations of conflict with Fortinbras of Norway. Scene 1 therefore serves as part of a good exposition in that it: Captures the interest of the audience with the short stabs of nervous speech between the sentries, It introduces the characters of the Ghost, the sentries (Marcellus, Barnardo, Francesco) and Horatio, It establishes the situation with Fortinbras and the appearances of the mysterious Ghost as points of interest and future conflict, And it contributes through mood and setting to the dominant atmosphere of tragedy within the play. Scene 2 jumps to within the castle, where the court mourning for King Hamlet has seemingly just finished and the newly appointed King Claudius is apparently making his first address to his nobility. During this gallant speech, the audience becomes informed that Claudius has married Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, rather hastily after King Hamlet’s death – attention is then drawn to Hamlet, still in deep mourning for his father. He drifts into a soliloquy where he contemplates the act of suicide rat... ...escribes how the murder was performed and implies a plan for revenge to Hamlet involving the feigning of insanity. This scene serves as part of a good exposition in that it deeply captures the attention of the audience with the stunning revelations of Claudius’ deceit and betrayal of his own blood. The conformation that the ghost is Hamlet’s father is what first grabs the audience’s attention. The exposà © that follows ensures their captivation within the plot. The scene establishes the impending conflict that will occur between Hamlet and Claudius later on in the play, due to the light that the ghost has just thrown upon Claudius’ integrity. The scene contributes to the dominant tragic atmosphere in that there is the realisation that seeing as Hamlet is now on a quest for revenge, there is only one way in which it can end – death, which is tragic in itself, but made out to be more so in the play. Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the audience, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play. Each of the 5 scenes contribute significantly to the overall exposition which launches the play extremely well.

Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences

Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences, with reference to 50 cent's Amusement Park, attempting to account for its popularity despite its sexist representations of women In this essay I shall be investigating the ways in which hip hop songs appeal to both male and female audiences, with specific reference to Amusement Park (released May 8, 2007) by 50 cent (real name Curtis Jackson), and its music video. I will attempt to account for the huge popularity of this artist, and others of the genre, despite the apparent sexism displayed in his songs. Firstly I shall look at how hip hop has gone from primarily an underground phenomenon to having mainstream status, as recounted by Bakari Kitwana (2005). From when hip hop originated, it was always an alternate culture for black youngsters to turn to. During the late 1980s economic recession, many Americans were still living in poverty: unskilled workers faced poorer wages than before, resulting in a sense of alienation from mainstream America. Although they had achieved equality in legal status, there were still plenty of economic and social problems facing black youth. Not only was hip hop an artistic way of expressing and making public these issues, but also provided a sense of culture those less privileged. Concerns could be voiced through the medium of music and radio stations, which, although primarily were by and for black people, still very much of the white working class population, who were also facing similar problems and suffering from the same detachment from the mainstream. In the late 80s powerful black icons began emerging, such as Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, and major bands like Public Enemy who produced ‘politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community'1. It soon became hard for white audiences to ignore hip hop culture. The East-West coast feud between artists from either side of America, leading to the eventual murders of Tupac Shakur and the Notorious BIG also brought both urban issues and its music in to public light. Gangster rap was a predominant subgenre which was responsible for expressing shocking views (notably rap group N. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper W. A. ‘s F*** tha police) and portraying the more violent and misogynistic side of hip hop culture. While it still receives a lot of backlash, hip hop has become increasingly mainstream and popular. One way to account for the popularity of â€Å"Amusement Park† is to look at the representations of women in the video on its own, and to draw conclusions from those alone. The girls are shown against a very minimalistic background, only with the â€Å"ride† which they are on. This puts the focus on to their bodies and faces, increasing our sense of their sexuality. Both the shots of the girls and their poses are explicitly constructed, as their poses are unnatural and staged. They often look directly in to the camera, suggesting an awareness of the audience's voyeuristic perspective. A shot which specifically give a sense of degradation is one in which a girl is shot almost directly from above, her body twisted unnaturally on the ground, looking on command as the camera focuses on her. This appeals to the male audience by making them feel that the girl is putting out her sexuality for the benefit of the viewers i. e. he individual watcher. It might seem that this video is primarily aimed at males however; the huge success of 50 cent in the mainstream implies that his apparent misogyny is not only accepted but embraced by a large audience. One explanation would be to accept the belief of female sexuality being masochistic, and that the gratification a female gets from the video is that of relating herself to the girls in the video who are enjoying being a sexual object. However, French feminist Luce Irigaray questions the idea the traditional view of female sexuality: †¦ omen in the sexual imaginary of Western culture have always been a male fantasy; hence maschocism is something forced on women by culture, not a quality inherent within them. Thus, women don't define their own sexuality, desire, or pleasure2. If we bear in mind the amount of competition that is around now in the hip hop industry and the selection of media now readily available, through the wide range of music channel, and the relatively recent development of the ability to watch music on sites such as youtube and yahoo, audience could be said to become more active in the way they choose and thus perceive their media. Taking Irigaray's perspective, female audiences do not necessarily need to read the text in masochistic way, and this broadening of choice in their media allows them to take an alternate stance on such texts: that of a more active one. If this is the case however, it does not necessarily mean that female audiences reject Amusement Park, only that there is room to interpret the representations in a more ironic way and as I shall discuss later on, the text itself encourages this type of reading. The next issue I shall look at is the extent to which 50 cent is taken as a serious role model by his audiences. His background would imply that he is the stereotype of gangster: his mother gave birth to him at 15, was involved in cocaine dealing, and was murdered at the age of 23. 50 cent himself began dealing in crack/cocaine and taking guns to school. Before the release of his first album with Columbia Records, he survived being shot 9 times, including once in the mouth, which led to him being dropped by the record company. This would seem highly ironic, given that to a large extent the idea of an authentic gangster was what selling rap records in the first place (artists such as Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B. I. G and Tupac Shakur had a history of crime and drugs; and the murders of the latter two helped to bring hip hop in to mainstream media). It is interesting to ask whether it was the songs that consumers were buying and continue to do so, (his debut album, get rich or die tryin' selling 12 million albums worldwide) or the now glamorised image of celebrity gangster which is currently present, despite the fact that he currently lives in an $18,500,000 Mansion. He himself admits to the fact that his image portrayed in his music is separate from him as a person: †¦ all the things I say are good, if you watch what I do. What I say on record is entertainment; but what I'm actually doing with my life and the things I've had the opportunity to do is what makes me inspiring3 Although evidently he has achieved a great deal for himself, in the media he rarely expresses himself personal side, and even has made attempts to reinforce his gangster image, and example being: I've been in situations where either it was me or somebody else, and I handled my business. 4 (2003) However, in the later interview he does deny any assumptions: †¦ people associate me with gun violence, when I was the one who got shot5 This suggest that Curtis himself does have an expectation that audiences will be able to distinguish between his image portrayed in the media, and the reality of his life, but does little to counteract the negative images. Is he also being naive in thinking that the audience will automatically realise this, and not model his violent and sexist lyrics? There is clearly some sort of awareness in public audiences, both black and white, as shown by findings by the Black Youth Project: Over half of youngsters between the ages of 15 – 25 strongly agree with the statement that â€Å"Rap music videos portray Black women in bad and offensive ways. 6 The huge success of 50 cent however, seems to contradict this, which would seem to imply that audiences are in fact able to separate this misogyny from the rapper himself. However, it could also be argued that this is merely a way of excusing such portrayals. Considering the artist's earlier works, such as Get in my car containing the lyri cs â€Å"I got no pickup lines / I stay on the grind / I tell the hoes all the time / Bitch get in my car† and the highly pornographic music video for Disco Inferno, it is harder to take such things lightly. A widely quoted statistic is that 70% of hip hop consumers are in fact white. Although it is interesting to note that no accurate source has been cited for this statistic, hip hop is undeniably a prominent part of mainstream white music culture. Before, when the genre was a political move as much as it was a music genre, a chance for black underprivileged youth to voice their concerns for the culture, it was something that both black and white people could understand in relation to their own lives. The current state of hip hop is that we ‘look through the keyhole into a violent, sexy world of â€Å"money, ho's and clothes†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as described by Justin Ross (2007). This may be an accurate description of the way that audiences perceive such videos, given that 50 cent's music refers to neither the real problems, past or present, of black culture, nor to the life which Curtis leads. It would also account for the general acceptance of these representations, if the audience is distanced from what is shown in the videos: issues of sexism and violence are far less relevant outside black urban society and it is therefore easier for a white consumer to take the videos solely as entertainment. It is also important to remember that while the majority of hip hop artists are black, it is predominantly marketed and controlled by a white industry, as Bakari describes (p46) in which the importance of an authentic representation of black culture is of little importance compared with supplying the public with texts which they will buy in to, as evidently the sex appeal of the videos is an important aspect. The next thing I shall look at is the level of awareness of the sexism in both the video itself, and the audience it is aimed at. There are many shots which suggest that the images in it, and the lyrics, are not entirely sincere. This is evident in the shots of the girl sitting on a bench next to 50 cent. Unlike the rest of the images, she is not highly glamorised, and her actions appear to be a lot more naturalistic than the others. She directly reacts to his lyrics, often looking away smiling, as though amused by what he is saying. The title of the song could also be referring to 50 cent himself as a celebrity figure: that both his image and his songs are merely an â€Å"amusement;† not to be taken as serious. This creates a sense of bathos juxtapositioned against the more professional looking shots, so that the female audience can relate more to the women shown. Although taking up a lot less time in the video than the glamorised ones, it creates a distance between the hyperreality of the rest of the video, and the ordinary more down to earth shots, so audiences see the video more objectively. The shots of the girl lying provocatively on the car bear even less relation to the lyrics than earlier in the video, being more reminiscent of a car commercial than a music video. The car itself is briefly but distinctly focused on, which makes reference to the importance of money and material values which are present in not only video, but the whole hip hop industry. This hints at the suggestion that both the girls and their representations are merely a product of this, and therefore are not in fact serious degradations of the women. In this shot we see a girl, while impressed; rolling her eyes at the artist at the lyrics â€Å"You know it's no fun without the magic stick†. In this sense the girls are in fact the more active ones in the video, whilst 50 Cent mostly maintains his position as an entertainer. Instead of them covering the whole screen, two similar shots of the same girl are often slid in from either side against a plain black background, sometimes overlapping each other. Whilst in one sense emphasising the importance of the girls' bodies, it also is highly self aware as product, as by seeing two separate views of one scene, it reminds us that it is a construction. Instead of taking itself too seriously, it makes explicit its intention of providing a sex appeal. A less prominent but important character in the video is the girl dancing acrobatically, and the only girl who is represented by her skill rather her sexuality – the camera barely focuses on her face. On the surface, she seems to represent an entertainer at a fair (the bright flashing lights help to anchor this meaning), but it is possible to decipher alternate readings of her: certain comparisons can be drawn between the actions of 50 Cent and herself. She and he are the first people we see in the video, and she appears immediately after the artist announces himself: â€Å"50† and â€Å"Ferrari F-50†. The setting she is in is almost identical to that of 50 Cent's. At times her dance moves mirror the lyrics of his, for example at â€Å"You fear heights when I'm high hell yeah I go low†, she can be seen to do exactly this. In another shot she briefly does a boxing punch, followed by a similar view of 50 Cent looking macho. At the lyrics â€Å"yeah it's like that† she mimes as though saying the words herself. In this sense she is the female counterpart to 50 Cent, and could be said to hold the power, in that she has little direct engagement with the audience, while Curtis has to explicitly put on an act to keep is position as an entertainer. This could allow women to from the perspective of her instead of the rapper, and thus 50 Cent himself becomes the object of the video instead of the subject. As previously discussed, the initial purpose of this media text is to sell 50 Cent's music, and this is done by providing the audience with representations they are familiar with: a stereotypical ‘gangster', highly sexed girls, and also to be considered is the artist's own sex appeal. Firstly, the subject of the song itself is 50 cent inviting girls (the audience) to attend his â€Å"amusement park†, and the lyrics describe the activities available to those who go, thus partially placing him as the object of desire. He is shown later in the song without a shirt on, with lighting focused in such a way that highlights his muscular physique. An important issue is that of whether hip hop should be censored, else voluntarily toned down. In April 2007, a controversial incident occurred, involving Don Imus, the presenter of his radio show, which already had a reputation for its crude humour. In discussing a black female basketball team, he referred to the players as ‘nappy headed hos'. After floods of outraged complaints, his show was permanently removed from air, prompting wide discussion over the standards in the media, often with reference to hip hop. 0 Cent himself was involved in the subsequent discussion, but refused to agree to clean up his lyrics, using a politician involved in adult dating websites to make comparisons between standards in hip hop and that in supposedly higher society. While this may be true to some extent, it firstly does not provide a justification in itself; but also it is debatable as to how much of what he said was his own opinion and how many were prearranged arguments by his managers (in the video he can be seen grinning in long pauses after phrases such as â€Å"I personally believe†). On the subject of Master P, who made the decision to stop using sexist and violent lyrics, he replies â€Å"Well Master P doesn't sell CDs anymore†7. From this, and other interviews where he has put the focus on that of entertainment, one could draw the conclusion that the artist in fact, as Amusement Park suggests, concerned with little other than the money involved in the business. In defence to his own lyrics, 50 Cent has also expressed his irritation of apparent double standards in the media, in reference to Britney Spears' single ‘Gimme more'8 beginning with the lyrics ‘it's Britney, bitch'. While it may appear to be merely a sore complaint, it is certainly valid to discuss the treatment of women in other areas of the media, and by women themselves. The music video of the song in question consists of Britney Spears, wearing little more than underwear, dancing round a poll in a seedy setting. Similarly, in ‘Dip it Low' by Christina Milian, the artist is seen allowing herself to have black paint poured over her semi-clothed body, whilst a group of men stand at the side watching and jeering: the presentation of women apparent in male hip hop videos is not a unique one. In all aspects of the media girls are presented, more than anything, by their sexuality and appearance, which can be found in adverts in women's magazines, stereotypes in film and television (a notable example being Desperate Housewives), car adverts, drink adverts. Although elevated within the genre, this representation could be described as a reflection of attitudes prevalent in both the media and in society and therefore not so shocking to audiences. Another issue described by an internet blogger9 is that by shutting sexism and violence portrayed in hip hop music, it is shutting off a fundamental way of keeping these issues in the eye of the public. He quotes that the leading killer of African Americans is homicide; and that males are five times more likely to be killed than their white counterparts. These issues will still exist even in the absence of offensive hip hop. While this certainly an interesting point, hip hop paradoxically glorifies the very things which it makes an issue of. While artists like 50 Cent may primarily be driven by selling as many records as possible, he still in one sense continues to represent issues which would otherwise be forgotten, if only in a postmodern way. Therefore, in order for hip hop to serve this purpose, it is essential that audiences neither directly embrace the values shown in the videos, nor take it as purely entertainment, as Amusement Park evidently does allow us to do. However, audiences could be said to be becoming increasingly desensitised to these things, with violent films and video games and the huge availability of pornography through the internet, which would make this reading more difficult to achieve. Whether or not the sexism and violence in hip hop is justified or not, if audiences were to take a more active role in their media, it would simultaneously prevent potential influence from such songs, and also make thorny issues in black society more accessible to deal with.

Nature Is A Product Of The Earth - 1002 Words

Coastlines have always been something of interest throughout human history. We have built homes, parks and even cities along them, but at what cost? â€Å"Coastlines are not found in nature; they are products of human initiative†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gillis 99). This quote said by John R. Gillis brings up a very important discussion. Are coastlines found in nature or have they been built into something we as humans wanted them to be? When the quote is first read, it may be easy to say of course coastlines exist in nature because they are nature. Although, when looking at it deeper one must ask what is the definition of nature. Nature is defined as the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the†¦show more content†¦Without those piles and bulkheads those houses would not be able to be there. Which is an example of changing nature to support the want we have to live on the coast. This was seen also in San Francisco in the mid 1800’s. The gold rush hit San Francisco in 1849 and in two years the town of 1,000 people turned into a large coastal city of 25,000 people. The land behind the bay was mountains and was not a good fit for expanding the city so they built near the shore. As the city grew throughout the years a need for more land increased. They began to build into the bay and actual changed the outline of the coast entirely. They used the steam paddy to fill in large areas of the San Francisco’s coast. As they began to make land and build on it numerous problems began to be discovered. Besides physically changing the entire shoreline of San Francisco, it created â€Å"man-traps† that were uneven fillings of land that would sink when people stepped on them, it also created seismic hazards, which was seen by the 1906 Earthquake, and fire hazards, which was also seen by the Great Fire of 1851 (Dyl Lecture). This is a perfect example of a coast being a product of human initiative. As the need for land increased along the coast we as people had no problem changing the coast. J.D. Stillman was quoted in the Overland Monthly in 1868 saying â€Å"Men, in theirShow MoreRelatedNaturally Artificial: The Increasing Movement to Purchase Natural Products1021 Words   |  4 Pagesfocuses on consumers purchasing products that are conservation minded, not on the reduction of consumerism and production. These products are generally more expensive than their less earth friendly counterparts, and typically have the words ‘all natural’, ‘recycled’, or ‘eco-friendly’ smattered across a label with earth tone colors. But what does it mean to be natural? Is natural better than unnatural or artificial? Are humans a part of, or separate from, nature? One could surmise thatRead More Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesemploys the likeminded rational that the overriding nature of the earth is everlasting simultaneous to alterations in generations of its inhabitants. 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